珠江三角洲气溶胶中正构烷烃分布规律、来源及其时空变化

珠江三角洲地区主要城市气溶胶中正构烷烃分布可分为３种类型，第一类为前峰型，主要来源于汽车尾气；第二类为后峰型，主要来源于植物蜡；第三类为双峰型，来源于植物蜡，燃料燃烧和尾气。     

Oxidative stress related enzymes in response to chromium (Ⅵ) toxicity in Oxya chinensis ( Orthoptera : Acridoidae)

The toxic effects of Cr（Vl） on antioxidant enzymes of Oxya chinensis（Orthoptera： Acridoidae） were determined. Changes in the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase（SOD）, catalase（CAT）, and guaiacol peroxidase（GPx） were measured in O. chinensis insects injected with Cr（VI）. Fifth-nymphs of O. chinensis insects were injected with Cr（VI） with different concentrations （0, 75, 150, 225, 300, 375, 450 mg/kg of body weight）. The results showed that Cr（VI） led to the change of SOD, CAT, and GPx activities at different concentrations, which revealed that： （1） The oxidative stress of SOD increased with the increase of Cr （VI） concentration. （2） With the increase of Cr （VI） concentrations, CAT activities for females increased at lower concentrations, but decreased at higher concentration range, which indicated that antioxidant system of O. chinensis was not influenced by the presence of Cr （VI）. A very similar response to Cr（VI） effect for males indicated that Cr（VI） concentrations were not high enough to damage O. chinensis in terms of CAT. （3） The GPx activity for females increased in all treatments, which revealed that the damage power of Cr（VI） was increased with the increase of Cr（Vi） concentrations in terms of GPx, but the effect was not so remarkable. There was not a consistent trend of GPx activities for males in all treatments of Cr（VI）. Cr（VI）-induced changes in antioxidant enzymes were different for SOD, CAT and GPx, of which the tendency was that activities generally changed with increase of concentrations of Cr（VI） suggesting SOD, CAT, and GPx could serve as indices of oxidative stress to some extent.     

序批式人工湿地冬季低温脱氮的效能研究

针对目前连续流人工湿地脱氮效率低、易堵塞及冬季效能下降的问题,提出了采用新型间歇流序批式人工湿地处理小城镇污水的方案,研究探讨了两级序批式人工湿地在冬季低温条件下,停留时间及排空闲置时间对脱氮效能的影响.试验结果表明,在冬季低温5～10 ℃、每级序批式湿地运行工况为瞬时进水-反应24h-瞬时排水-排空闲置12h、氮负荷为1.92g·m-2·d-1、进水COD、NH 4-N和TN浓度分别为143mg·L-1、27.0mg·L-1和32.0mg·L-1时,出水COD、NH4 -N和TN浓度分别为27mg·L-1、3.9mg·L-1和16.5mg·L-1,COD、NH4 -N和TN的去除率分别为81.12%、85.56%和48.44%.     

采用双泥系统的废水脱氮除磷工艺的研究现状与进展

本文在简要介绍废水生物脱氮除磷研究领域发展现状的基础上,分析了现有生物脱氮除磷工艺难以达到N、P同时高效去除的原因,其中主要原因是微生物的混合培养.并指出设置双泥系统对微生物进行分相培养能有效地解决现有工艺中的有机物去除、脱氮与除磷之间的矛盾,能够实现有机物、氮、磷的稳定、高效去除.近年来,国内外学者就此进行了众多研究,本文对其中有代表性的几种双泥工艺(Dephanox、A2NSBR、A2N、PASF、BICT等)的研究现状与进展进行了综述.     

金属丝网负载TiO_2光催化降解染料废水

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米二氧化钛,采用浸渍提拉的方法将TiO2固定在金属丝网上,通过掺杂碳黑获得高比表面的催化薄膜,用比表面仪、X-ray衍射仪进行表征。设计了光催化降解染料废水的反应装置,探讨了制备工艺和光催化反应条件对催化性能的影响。结果表明:在pH值为4.0、加入2.5mL/LH2O2的反应条件下,用400℃热处理温度、镀膜4次的催化薄膜对染料脱色率达92.4%,COD去除率达75.6%。     

硫酸盐还原菌混合菌群胞外聚合物对Zn2+的吸附和机理

硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）混合菌群分泌的胞外聚合物（EPS）能有效地吸附水溶液中的Zn^2＋在初始p（Zn^2＋）为500mg/L时，EPS对Zn^2＋的吸附量达到326．07mg/g，g。Freundlich方程能相对较好地拟合实验所得吸附数据。SRB混合菌群分泌的EPS的IR分析表明，EPS吸附Zn^2＋起主要作用的官能团是多聚糖C-O-C，羧基和脂类官能团，而蛋白质和多聚糖的-OH对Zn^2＋的结合能力有限。     

Comments on "Ion adsorption components in liquid/solid systems"

Recently, Wu et al. (J Environ Sci 18(2006) 1167-1175) published a paper entitled as above. In the paper, the authors proposed a plotting method for describing adsorption isotherm, where adsorption density (q e) was plotted against the ratio of equilibrium concentration/particle concentration (Ce/W0) rather than (Ce) as traditionally defined. The authors claimed that this plot can eliminate the "particle concentration effect" (i.e., adsorption isotherm declines with increasing particle concentration), which may otherwise be inevasible with traditionally defined adsorption isotherms. We think that their conclusion is conceptually flawed and the plot may cause substantial inconstancy problems in practice.     

Study on the oasis corridor landcape in the arid regions based on RS and GIS methods—application of Jinta Oasis,China

The study on the oasis corridor landscape is a new hotspot in the ecological environment research in the arid regions.In oasis,main corridor landscape types include river,ditch ,shelterbelt and road.This paper introduces the basic ecological effects of the corridor landscape on the transporting mass and energy and obstructing desert landscape expansion and incursion.Using Geographic Information System(GIS),we have researched the corridor distribution and its spatial relationship with other landscape types in the Jinta Oasis.Based on the dynamically monitoring on the landscape pattern change of the Jinta Oasis during the latter 10 years by using Remote Sensing(RS) and GIS,the driving functions of the corridors on this change have been analyzed in detail.The analysis results showed that all kinds of corridors‘ characteristics can be quantified by the indexes such as length and width ,ratio of perimeter and area,density and non-heterogeneity.The total corridor length of Jinta Oasis is 1838.5km and its density is 2.1km/km^2.The corridor density of the irrigation land.forest and resident area is maximal,which shows that affection degree of the oasis corridors on them is the most.The improvment of the corridors quality is one of the important driving factors on the irrigation land and so on.The organic combination of the RS and GIS technologies and landscape research methods would be an effective means for the corridor landscape research on arid region oasis.     

泸沽湖生态旅游建设研究

生态旅游强调开采取一系列措施保护旅游业以生存和发展的资源和环境，泸沽湖生态旅游资源丰富，独特，发展生态旅游潜力巨大，在泸沽湖旅游业发展中，只有将生态旅游的保护思想融入旅游开发和管理，才能实现可持续发展，否则最终将导致旅游业的衰落。     

短期暴露实验中铜在鱼鳃表面的结合状态

利用逐级提取的方法研究了短期暴露实验过程中鱼鳃表面不同结合状态的铜随时间变化的过程．考虑到实验过程中水环境条件的动态变化，对实验数据进行了校正．结果表明，鱼鳃对铜的吸收在3h左右达到稳态平衡，水提铜、鱼鳃表面易交换铜以及鱼鳃表面难交换铜随时间变化趋势一致。